假设你想预测乙酸甲酯水解成乙酸和甲醇 的过渡态(transition state TS)
也许你想寻找水解机理,甚至计算 ΔG 并尝试预测反应速率。
在ORCA,有一个黑箱方法 NEB-TS(from Nudged Elastic Band with TS
optimization),能够从反应物和产物的几何结构中寻找到过渡态结构
The idea is not to optimize all molecules separately and just join
then in a single file, but rather already build your "reactant" and
"product" adducts in a certain orientation that makes sense with respect
to the expected reaction, like done in the example.
C -3.84500 -0.17571 -0.03921 C -2.444920.320820.15466 H -4.02399 -1.040860.60409 H -4.00401 -0.43615 -1.08861 H -4.550590.613920.23466 O -1.55509 -0.65188 -0.18018 C -0.18433 -0.27497 -0.02916 H 0.053730.57033 -0.68208 H 0.43501 -1.12619 -0.32499 H 0.03294 -0.034941.01615 O -2.158271.441830.55653 O -0.067673.078811.16647 H -0.509233.900741.42789 H -0.831672.500850.95538
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
# product.xyz 14
C -3.44596 -0.053880.06874 C -2.452751.008910.40403 H -3.34585 -0.891570.76374 H -3.29683 -0.38937 -0.95986 H -4.455980.353250.17275 O 0.13193 -1.79894 -0.30248 C 1.49893 -1.43301 -0.26662 H 1.66462 -0.57388 -0.92141 H 2.10288 -2.27456 -0.61417 H 1.78363 -1.182380.75829 O -2.671522.203140.50109 O -1.204900.525540.57750 H -0.695841.336510.80013 H -0.37607 -1.035300.03854
计算开始时,首先输出以下信息,包含一些方法的内容
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---------------------- NEB settings ---------------------- Method type .... climbing image Threshold for climbing image .... 2.00e-02 Eh/Bohr Free endpoints .... off Tangent type .... improved Number of intermediate images .... 8 Number of images free to move .... 8 Spring typefor image distribution .... distance between adjacent images Spring constant .... energy weighted (0.0100 -to- 0.1000) Eh/Bohr^2 Spring force perp. to the path .... none Generation of initial path .... image dependent pair potential Initial path via TS guess .... off [...]
然后构建初始路径
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Generation of the initial path: Minimize RMSD between reactant and product configurations .... done RMSD before minimization .... 2.1153 Bohr RMSD after minimization .... 1.6611 Bohr Performing linear interpolation .... done Interpolation using .... IDPP (Image Dependent Pair Potential) IDPP-Settings: Remove global transl. and rot. ... true Convergence tolerance .... 0.0100 1/Ang.^3 Max. numer of iterations .... 7000 Spring constant .... 1.0000 1/Ang.^4 Time step .... 0.0100 fs Max. movement per iteration .... 0.0500 Ang. Full print .... false idpp initial path generation successfully converged in 117 iterations Displacement along initial path: 11.6511 Bohr Writing initial trajectory to file .... NEBTS_initial_path_trj.xyz
***********************HURRAY************************ *** THE TS OPTIMIZATION HAS CONVERGED *** *****************************************************
--------------------------------------------------------------- PATH SUMMARY FOR NEB-TS --------------------------------------------------------------- All forces in Eh/Bohr. Global forces for TS.
Possible intermediate minimum found at image(s): 7 => have a look at the .interp file. => it is often a good idea to divide the path calculation into smaller fragments.